Early English Christianity

· Bede (672-735); Ecclesiastical History of the English People—731

· 406—Roman leave England; ca. 450—Angles & Saxons

· Britons; Scots; Picts; English (Angles & Saxons)

· 597—Augustine of Canterbury; Kent

· Ethelbert & Bertha

Islam & The West

§ Muhammad (570-632): Mecca (611-21); Medina (621-30); 630: sack of Mecca

§ Began conquests, jihad; 644: Persia destroyed; Byzantium seriously diminished

§ 635-Damascus; 638-Jerusalem & Antioch; 646-Egypt

§ Caliph; Umayyad dynasty (661-750); 711-Spain-until 1492

§ 732—Battle of Poitiers/Tours; 750-Abbasid dynasty; Umayyads in Spain

§ Cordoba; Pirenne thesis

Charlemagne & Carolingian Empire (France & Germany)

§ Italy: OstrogothsàByzantines (ca. 535-553)àLombards (ca. 568); Spain: VisigothsàMuslims (ca. 711)

§ Battle of Tours (732): Charles Martel (690-41)-“Mayor of the Palace” in Merovingian court

§ Pepin (714-68): 1^st Carolingian king; 754-defeats Lombards & gives land to Pope-Pope anoints Pepin

§ Charlemagne (742-814): 1^st Holy Roman Emperor (800); Holy Roman Empire

§ Carolingian Renaissance: Charlemagneà877; clerical schools; canon law

§ Adoptionism: Christology

§ Predestination: Double Predestination-Single Predestination-Divine Foreknowledge

§ John Scotus Erigena (810-77)

§ Real Presence in the Eucharist; Paschasius Radbertus wrote a treatise On the Body and Blood of the Lord; Ratramanus of Corbie

§ Perpetual Virginity of Mary

§ The Filioque: “and from the Son”—Nicene Creed—only in West, not East: one of main points of division

§ Spain: Council of Toledo (589); Council of Aachen (809)

§ Popes resist adoption until ca. 1000

· Louis the Pious (814-40)

· 842: Louis the German; Charles the Bald; Lothair

· vassal; lay investiture; simony; nepotism

· Vikings/Norhtmen: begin 790s; 871—2/3 of England—Kingdom of Wessex

· Muslim Pirates: begin 820s; 846-loot St. Peter’s

· Magyars/Hungarians: 895-955

· Hroswita of Gandersheim (935-1001/3)